The first build may take some time to download all the required source code, build cross-compiler and all host system tools and libraries, than you can build just newly selected packages, but hacking with tool-chain options, requires clean rebuild of everything. <\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Insert SD card and unmount all auto-mounted partitions\n$ umount \/dev\/sdX2\n$ umount \/dev\/sdX3\n\n# Write image file to SD card\n$ sudo dd if=output\/images\/sdcard.img of=\/dev\/sdX bs=1M\n97517568 bytes (98 MB, 93 MiB) copied, 12.0944 s, 8.1 MB\/s\n\n# Flush all disks buffers\nsync\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nDefault board configuration provides Linux OS with minimal set of features and programs tailored for embedded systems. This lightweight Linux system provides excellent starting point for any smart IoT device.<\/p>\n\n\n
\nU-Boot 2017.11 (Dec 07 2019 - 04:29:38 +0100)\n\nCPU: Freescale i.MX23 rev1.4 at 454 MHz\nBOOT: SSP SD\/MMC #0\nDRAM: 64 MiB\nNo arch specific invalidate_icache_all available!\n__led_init: failed requesting GPIO59!\nMMC: MXS MMC: 0\n*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment\n\nIn: serial\nOut: serial\nErr: serial\nNet: Net Initialization Skipped\nNo ethernet found.\nHit any key to stop autoboot: 0\nswitch to partitions #0, OK\nmmc0 is current device\n** Unable to read file boot.scr **\nreading uImage \n5292296 bytes read in 1640 ms (3.1 MiB\/s)\nBooting from mmc ...\nreading imx23-olinuxino.dtb\n10286 bytes read in 29 ms (345.7 KiB\/s)\n## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 42000000 ...\n Image Name: Linux-4.19.2\n Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)\n Data Size: 5292232 Bytes = 5 MiB\n Load Address: 42000000\n Entry Point: 42000000\n Verifying Checksum ... OK\n## Flattened Device Tree blob at 41000000\n Booting using the fdt blob at 0x41000000\n Loading Kernel Image ... OK\n Loading Device Tree to 43b75000, end 43b7a82d ... OK\n\nStarting kernel ...\n\n[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0\n[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.19.2 (iwi@nqdev) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Buildroot 2020.02-git-00204-g2ca0accc21)) #1 Sat Dec 7 04:31:14 CET 2019\n[ 0.000000] CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=0005317f\n[ 0.000000] CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache\n[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: i.MX23 Olinuxino Low Cost Board\n[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback\n[ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x84\/0x474 with crng_init=0\n[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256\n[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyAMA0,115200 root=\/dev\/mmcblk0p3 rw rootwait\n[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)\n[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)\n[ 0.000000] Memory: 46644K\/65536K available (7200K kernel code, 633K rwdata, 2364K rodata, 364K init, 7454K bss, 18892K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)\n[ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:\n[ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)\n[ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072 kB)\n[ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xff800000 ( 944 MB)\n[ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)\n[ 0.000000] modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)\n[ 0.000000] .text : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval) (7202 kB)\n[ 0.000000] .init : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval) ( 364 kB)\n[ 0.000000] .data : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval) ( 634 kB)\n[ 0.000000] .bss : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval) (7455 kB)\n[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1\n[ 0.000000] Running RCU self tests\n[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16\n[ 0.000000] clocksource: mxs_timer: mask: 0xffff max_cycles: 0xffff, max_idle_ns: 911346093 ns\n[ 0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x30\n[ 0.000000] Lock dependency validator: Copyright (c) 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar\n[ 0.000000] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES: 8\n[ 0.000000] ... MAX_LOCK_DEPTH: 48\n[ 0.000000] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS: 8191\n[ 0.000000] ... CLASSHASH_SIZE: 4096\n[ 0.000000] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES: 32768\n[ 0.000000] ... MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS: 65536\n[ 0.000000] ... CHAINHASH_SIZE: 32768\n[ 0.000000] memory used by lock dependency info: 4655 kB\n[ 0.000000] per task-struct memory footprint: 1536 bytes\n[ 0.000000] sched_clock: 32 bits at 100 Hz, resolution 10000000ns, wraps every 21474836475000000ns\n[ 0.070000] Calibrating delay loop... 226.09 BogoMIPS (lpj=1130496)\n[ 0.070000] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301\n[ 0.070000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)\n[ 0.070000] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)\n[ 0.080000] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok\n[ 0.090000] Setting up static identity map for 0x40008400 - 0x40008458\n[ 0.100000] devtmpfs: initialized\n[ 0.140000] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns\n[ 0.140000] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 11264 bytes)\n[ 0.150000] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem\n[ 0.160000] NET: Registered protocol family 16\n[ 0.170000] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations\n[ 0.320000] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver\n[ 0.320000] 80070000.serial: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x80070000 (irq = 17, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev2\n[ 0.530000] console [ttyAMA0] enabled\n[ 0.640000] mxs-dma 80004000.dma-apbh: initialized\n[ 0.660000] mxs-dma 80024000.dma-apbx: initialized\n[ 0.670000] SCSI subsystem initialized\n[ 0.680000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs\n[ 0.690000] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub\n[ 0.690000] usbcore: registered new device driver usb\n[ 0.700000] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered\n[ 0.710000] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>\n[ 0.710000] PTP clock support registered\n[ 0.720000] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.\n[ 0.740000] clocksource: Switched to clocksource mxs_timer\n[ 1.790000] NET: Registered protocol family 2\n[ 1.800000] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 5120 bytes)\n[ 1.810000] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)\n[ 1.820000] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 36864 bytes)\n[ 1.820000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)\n[ 1.830000] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 20480 bytes)\n[ 1.840000] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 20480 bytes)\n[ 1.850000] NET: Registered protocol family 1\n[ 1.860000] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.\n[ 1.870000] RPC: Registered udp transport module.\n[ 1.870000] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.\n[ 1.880000] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.\n[ 1.910000] Initialise system trusted keyrings\n[ 1.910000] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=14 bucket_order=0\n[ 2.020000] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type\n[ 2.030000] Key type id_resolver registered\n[ 2.030000] Key type id_legacy registered\n[ 2.040000] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) \u00a9 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.\n[ 2.100000] jitterentropy: Initialization failed with host not compliant with requirements: 2\n[ 2.110000] Key type asymmetric registered\n[ 2.120000] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered\n[ 2.120000] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 248)\n[ 2.130000] io scheduler noop registered (default)\n[ 2.140000] io scheduler mq-deadline registered\n[ 2.140000] io scheduler kyber registered\n[ 2.160000] 8006c000.serial: ttyAPP0 at MMIO 0x8006c000 (irq = 147, base_baud = 1500000) is a 8006c000.serial\n[ 2.170000] mxs-auart 8006c000.serial: Found APPUART 3.0.0\n[ 2.210000] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed\n[ 2.220000] usbcore: registered new interface driver asix\n[ 2.230000] usbcore: registered new interface driver ax88179_178a\n[ 2.240000] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether\n[ 2.240000] usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx\n[ 2.250000] usbcore: registered new interface driver net1080\n[ 2.260000] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_subset\n[ 2.260000] usbcore: registered new interface driver zaurus\n[ 2.270000] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm\n[ 2.280000] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver\n[ 2.280000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage\n[ 2.300000] imx_usb 80080000.usb: Linked as a consumer to regulator.1\n[ 2.310000] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: EHCI Host Controller\n[ 2.320000] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1\n[ 2.360000] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00\n[ 2.380000] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found\n[ 2.390000] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected\n[ 2.410000] stmp3xxx-rtc 8005c000.rtc: rtc core: registered 8005c000.rtc as rtc0\n[ 2.420000] i2c \/dev entries driver\n[ 2.440000] stmp3xxx_rtc_wdt stmp3xxx_rtc_wdt: initialized watchdog with heartbeat 19s\n[ 2.450000] mxs-mmc 80010000.ssp: 80010000.ssp supply vmmc not found, using dummy regulator\n[ 2.460000] mxs-mmc 80010000.ssp: Linked as a consumer to regulator.0\n[ 2.500000] mxs-mmc 80010000.ssp: initialized\n[ 2.510000] random: fast init done\n[ 2.530000] imx23-pinctrl 80018000.pinctrl: pin SSP1_DETECT already requested by 80010000.ssp; cannot claim for leds\n[ 2.540000] imx23-pinctrl 80018000.pinctrl: pin-65 (leds) status -22\n[ 2.540000] imx23-pinctrl 80018000.pinctrl: could not request pin 65 (SSP1_DETECT) from group led_gpio2_1.0 on device 80018000.pinctrl\n[ 2.560000] leds-gpio leds: Error applying setting, reverse things back\n[ 2.560000] leds-gpio: probe of leds failed with error -22\n[ 2.580000] mxs-dcp 80028000.dcp: Failed to register sha1 hash!\n[ 2.590000] mxs-dcp: probe of 80028000.dcp failed with error -22\n[ 2.610000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid\n[ 2.610000] usbhid: USB HID core driver\n[ 2.630000] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable\n[ 2.650000] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa\n[ 2.680000] NET: Registered protocol family 17\n[ 2.690000] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SU16G 14.8 GiB\n[ 2.700000] Key type dns_resolver registered\n[ 2.720000] registered taskstats version 1\n[ 2.730000] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates\n[ 2.750000] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3\n[ 2.840000] stmp3xxx-rtc 8005c000.rtc: setting system clock to 1970-01-01 00:00:51 UTC (51)\n[ 2.850000] cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database\n[ 2.890000] cfg80211: Loaded X.509 cert 'sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7'\n[ 2.900000] ALSA device list:\n[ 2.900000] No soundcards found.\n[ 2.910000] uart-pl011 80070000.serial: no DMA platform data\n[ 2.920000] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2\n[ 2.930000] cfg80211: failed to load regulatory.db\n[ 2.950000] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p3): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem\n[ 3.000000] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p3): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)\n[ 3.010000] VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) on device 179:3.\n[ 3.020000] devtmpfs: mounted\n[ 3.040000] Freeing unused kernel memory: 364K\n[ 3.040000] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n[ 3.050000] Run \/sbin\/init as init process\n[ 3.350000] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p3): re-mounted. Opts: block_validity,barrier,user_xattr\nStarting syslogd: OK\nStarting klogd: OK\nRunning sysctl: OK\nStarting mdev... OK\nInitializing random number generator: OK\nSaving random seed: [ 12.930000] random: dd: uninitialized urandom read (512 bytes read)\nOK\nStarting network: OK\n\nWelcome to Buildroot\nbuildroot login: \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nLogin is “root”, without password. <\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Customize user prompt, save to "~\/.profile" \n$ nano ~\/.profile\nPS1="\\\\u@\\\\h:\\\\w$ "\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nDirectory listing for binaries<\/p>\n\n\n
\nroot@buildroot:\/bin$ ls\narch dnsdomainname linux64 nuke sh\nash dumpkmap ln pidof sleep\nbase64 echo login ping stty\nbusybox egrep ls pipe_progress su\ncat false lsattr printenv sync\nchattr fdflush mkdir ps tar\nchgrp fgrep mknod pwd touch\nchmod getopt mktemp resume true\nchown grep more rm umount\ncp gunzip mount rmdir uname\ncpio gzip mountpoint run-parts usleep\ndate hostname mt sed vi\ndd kill mv setarch watch\ndf link netstat setpriv zcat\ndmesg linux32 nice setserial\n\nroot@buildroot:\/sbin$ ls\narp init makedevs setconsole\nblkid insmod mdev start-stop-daemon\ndevmem ip mkdosfs sulogin\nfdisk ipaddr mke2fs swapoff\nfreeramdisk iplink mkswap swapon\nfsck ipneigh modprobe switch_root\nfstrim iproute nameif sysctl\ngetty iprule pivot_root syslogd\nhalt iptunnel poweroff tc\nhdparm klogd reboot udhcpc\nhwclock ldconfig rmmod uevent\nifconfig loadkmap route vconfig\nifdown losetup run-init watchdog\nifup lsmod runlevel\n\nroot@buildroot:\/usr\/bin$ ls\n[ du killall nproc sha512sum unlink\n[[ eject last nslookup shred unlzma\nar env ldd od sort unlzop\nawk expr less openvt strings unxz\nbasename factor logger passwd svc unzip\nbc fallocate logname paste svok uptime\nbunzip2 find lsof patch tail uudecode\nbzcat flock lspci printf tee uuencode\nchrt fold lsscsi readlink telnet vlock\nchvt free lsusb realpath test w\ncksum fuser lzcat renice tftp wc\nclear getconf lzma reset time wget\ncmp head lzopcat resize top which\ncrontab hexdump md5sum seq tr who\ncut hexedit mesg setfattr traceroute whoami\ndc hostid microcom setkeycodes truncate xargs\ndeallocvt id mkfifo setsid ts xxd\ndiff install mkpasswd sha1sum tty xz\ndirname ipcrm nl sha256sum uniq xzcat\ndos2unix ipcs nohup sha3sum unix2dos yes\n\nroot@buildroot:\/usr\/sbin$ ls\naddgroup delgroup fdformat i2cset nologin ubirename\nadduser deluser fsfreeze i2ctransfer partprobe\narping dnsd i2cdetect inetd rdate\nchroot ether-wake i2cdump killall5 readprofile\ncrond fbset i2cget loadfont setlogcons\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nDisk and RAM reports:<\/p>\n\n\n
\nroot@buildroot:\/$ df -h\nFilesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on\n\/dev\/root 58.1M 5.6M 49.5M 10% \/\ndevtmpfs 22.8M 0 22.8M 0% \/dev\ntmpfs 23.0M 0 23.0M 0% \/dev\/shm\ntmpfs 23.0M 20.0K 22.9M 0% \/tmp\ntmpfs 23.0M 20.0K 22.9M 0% \/run\n\nroot@buildroot:\/$ cat \/proc\/meminfo \nMemTotal: 47008 kB\nMemFree: 26812 kB\nMemAvailable: 36784 kB\nBuffers: 232 kB\nCached: 2004 kB\nSwapCached: 0 kB\nActive: 2072 kB\nInactive: 684 kB\nActive(anon): 544 kB\nInactive(anon): 16 kB\nActive(file): 1528 kB\nInactive(file): 668 kB\nUnevictable: 0 kB\nMlocked: 0 kB\nSwapTotal: 0 kB\nSwapFree: 0 kB\nDirty: 28 kB\nWriteback: 0 kB\nAnonPages: 536 kB\nMapped: 1068 kB\nShmem: 40 kB\nSlab: 14296 kB\nSReclaimable: 11204 kB\nSUnreclaim: 3092 kB\nKernelStack: 280 kB\nPageTables: 88 kB\nNFS_Unstable: 0 kB\nBounce: 0 kB\nWritebackTmp: 0 kB\nCommitLimit: 23504 kB\nCommitted_AS: 1780 kB\nVmallocTotal: 966656 kB\nVmallocUsed: 0 kB\nVmallocChunk: 0 kB\nPercpu: 32 kB\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nDisk space is not a big issue, but RAM memory is really limiting factor for this system. Also CPU is low profile ARM926 Running at 454 MHz. This computational power is just enough for mp3 player or light web server or something like photo frame, also because current linux support for this architecture is incomplete and can’t take full advantages of all available peripherals. Anyhow, fast or slow is your system, everything depends on what you intent to do with this system. <\/p>\n\n\n
\nroot@buildroot:\/$ cat \/proc\/cpuinfo \nprocessor : 0\nmodel name : ARM926EJ-S rev 5 (v5l)\nBogoMIPS : 226.09\nFeatures : swp half thumb fastmult edsp java \nCPU implementer : 0x41\nCPU architecture: 5TEJ\nCPU variant : 0x0\nCPU part : 0x926\nCPU revision : 5\n\nHardware : Freescale MXS (Device Tree)\nRevision : 0000\nSerial : 0000000000000000\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nBack to buildroot configuration. This setup lacks of wifi support and some useful tools like nano and mc. Moreover if you want to adapt kernel configuration to your hardware, add extra drivers and packages:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Buildroot configuration\n$ make menuconfig\n\n# For kernel and drivers configuration\n$ make linux-menuconfig\n\n# For busybox configuration\n$ make busybox-menuconfig\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nUseful tool-chain and system settings:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Select full featured GNU stdc library\nToolchain ---> C library (glibc) ---> (X) glibc\n# Enable c++ compiler\n[*] Enable C++ support\n# Select kernel version\nCustom kernel headers series (5.4.x) ---> (X) 5.4.x\n# Remote system debugging \n[*] Build cross gdb for the host\n\nSelect Python, c++, gdb, sudo, mc, ecc...\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nNetwork connecction: <\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Wifi network\nroot@mx23:~$ wpa_passphrase ESSID_NAME ESSID_PASS > \/root\/home_conn.conf\n\n# Connect to home network \nroot@mx23:~$ wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c \/root\/home_conn.conf\n\n# Run DHCP client\nroot@mx23:~$ udhcpc -i wlan0\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n# Enable root login for open SSH server \nroot@mx23:~$ nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\nPermitRootLogin yes\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nFinally, set swap file: <\/p>\n\n\n
\n# Make 128 MB swapfile\nroot@mx23:~$ fallocate -l 128M \/swapfile\nroot@mx23:~$ chmod 600 \/swapfile\nroot@mx23:~$ mkswap \/swapfile\nroot@mx23:~$ swapon \/swapfile\n\n# Add swap info to fstab \nroot@mx23:~$ nano \/etc\/fstab\n\/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\nNext:
Code::blocks IDE and Remote debugging
OpenOCD and Serial JTAG<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
How to easily cross-build custom Linux Distribution entirely from source code. Normally it is not an easy task, because you<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-senza-categoria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1006"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1041,"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions\/1041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.netquote.it\/nqmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}